In view of the state of adoption of improved weed control technology, herbicide technology is receiving a wide acceptance by lowland rice producers. Recommending a single herbicide for all the rice ecologies would therefore be most undesirable. There was little similarity between the weed communities, indicating that weed species are highly selective in adaptation. The states are located in the tropical rainforest area of Nigeria with a heavy rainfall that makes it suitable for both upland and lowland rice cultivation. Most of the respondents reported high incidence of grasses alone followed by a mixture of either grasses and sedges or broadleaves. Results also indicate that 63.9% of the farmers have their major occupation as rice farming. this will keep your land off weeds for about 3months. These resources are spread across all the agro-ecological zones of the country. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email, National Cereals Research Institute , P. M. B. Rain Fed Lowland Rice Accounts for more than half of the total rice land area in Nigeria. And other goods like Rice and Groundnut Oil. Published Date: Jun 14, 2018, Keywords: From the above result, about 50% of farmers cultivate between 2-5 hectares of land. Semeborder along badagry express way , Badagry, Lagos. How Nigerian govt distributed rice seeds to companies in 2020 Nigeria officially banned the importation of rice two years ago, to improve the local production of rice. In Nigeria, about 7 million tonnes of rice is consumed in a year. Farmers with formal education in primary and secondary school are in the majority among the respondents. Nigeria spent an average of US $ 1.6 million on rice importation per annum [5]. Beauv. Package your rice to your choice and market it and see your income flowing. You now have a full modern made in Nigeria rice. It has been reported that integrated weed management (IWM) involves the combination of a number of weed control practices that reduce the dependence on any one type of control method and lowers the input of herbicides. Primary data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires distributed to rice farmers. This result is also in support of the fact that majority of weeds available in lowland ecology are either grasses or a mixture of grasses and broadleaves, hence the need for herbicides which can selectively control broadleaves and grasses in this study area. Rice farming is a major source of income for many of the farmers. Most respondents applied glyphosate formulations (namely; Forceup® (17.8%), Roundup® (13.6%), Clearweed® and Tackle® (10.2%) respectively, Vinash® and Fiscosate® (9.7%) respectively) and paraquat formulations (namely; Slasher® (10.2%), Weedcrusher® and Paraforce® (5.1%) respectively) as PPA for weed control in lowland rice. This rate is about 47% of the recommended rate (Table 6). Farmers prefer to spray glyphosate to destroy any form of noxious weeds for about two weeks after which clearing, and burning is easy to carry out. This implies that recommended agronomic practices in terms of application timing is commonly practiced by lowland rice farmers [13]. DOI: 10.4172/2329-8863.1000372. N.C.S. Majority (72.8%) of farmers indicated inadequate source of funding. Reports revealed that older farmers are generally slow to change due to fear of the unknown and great aversion to risk. Most farmers (56%) apply herbicides for weed control, 0.9% engage in the old cultural practices such as hand weeding, while 47% of rice farmers combine the use of herbicides and hand weeding as a weed control option. After clearing, ploughing and harrowing your land, you plant. Predominant broadleaved species included Ageratum conyzoides, Sphenochlea zeylanica, Tridax procumbens, Portulaca oleracea and Celosia argentea. This shows that the rate of glyphosate applied by farmers is between 2.6-2.8 litres per hectare. Selective herbicides will kill target weeds and not desired plants (the crop or pasture) when applied at a specified application rate. Open Access Journals gaining more Readers and Citations. Accepted Date: Jun 05, 2018 / Focus group discussion was also conducted with the rice farmers being clustered in the states of study to support respondent’s information. The study data was collected through the administration of the questionnaire and interview schedule from 120 randomly selected rice … Beauv. Hand weeding methods are still employed to compliment herbicide by some famers in the area. Underutilization of glyphosate and a formulation of 2,4-D amine and propanil might also result from unaffordable cost of product by farmers or lack of knowledge on the recommended dosage due to poor education. There is a need to improve farmer’s awareness through extension agents and the introduction of new products or technology to control weeds in rice in Southwest Nigeria. Find in our directory the list of companies by tag Rice in Nigeria. Most (66.9%) of the respondents indicated that there is available land and 73.3% of rice producers can reasonably afford to possess this land as a resource for rice cultivation. Low land rice; Weed management; Agro-ecological zones; Socio-economic growth. Mean value of rate of herbicides use in lowland rice in Southwest Nigeria. A larger percentage (80.6%) of the respondent also indicated that there is available labour for weed control practices; 60% of the respondent can reasonably afford the cost of employing labour for weeding while 40% shows their inadequacy in affording the cost of labour for controlling the weeds on their rice farm. Biyi [2] reported that Nigeria is currently the highest rice producer in West Africa producing about 6,734 metric tons [3]. Farmers who had farming experience of 1-10 years constitute a larger proportion of the lowland rice producers, meaning that the years of farming experience influence the adoption of the weed management practices. A good number of the respondents (69.7%) have access to extension services. It is relatively easy to produce and is grown for sale and for home consumption. 5042, Ibadan, Nigeria ; School of Agriculture, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa College , Ahmadu Bello University , PMB 0248, Bauchi, Nigeria, /doi/pdf/10.1080/09670878609371075?needAccess=true. All Rights Reserved. Therefore, the Nigeria government is refocusing attention on stimulating domestic rice production through a number of strategies, some of which are the establishment of rice processing factories in Kano, Kwara, Ogun, and Benue States with a combined installed capacity of 730,000 metric tons per annum. The predominant weed species in the various rice ecologies represent potential problems for the present and the future. shows that men are earlier adopters of new technology than women, probably because males carry out agricultural activities that are more labour demanding than the female [15]. Most peoples and cultures of the world eat rice as an everyday, regular type of meal. In the fourth and final stage, 10 rice farmers per village were selected making a total of 100 farmers per state. Herbicides are used by 34% of the rice farmers in SSA, but adoption ranges from 0 to 72% across countries. New farmers are getting involved in rice production, whose level of awareness about the agronomy of lowland rice and effective weed management strategy may still be poor hence, a need to enhance their awareness of available weed control option to enhance rice production in southwest Nigeria. Rice is a common staple across the world. Twenty-two herbicides with different trade names were documented for weed control in the study area (Table 5). The Statistics of rice production in Nigeria clearly shows that the country needs 7 million metric tons of its demand. Nigeria is also the highest consuming nation because of its large population, consuming an average of 24.8 kg of rice per year [4]. This may be due to farmers inability to afford herbicides products, risk aversion for fear of crop injury etc. 1 %-Percentage of respondent, F-Frequency of respondents are in parenthesis. According to Godwin et al. We appreciate the BIOSTADT® Agrochemical Company for their support during the study. Weeds are undesirable plants growing within a crop and they compete for resources such as nutrients, water and light. [From(publication date): 0-2018 - Feb 27, 2021]. Most farmers perceived grasses as prevalent weeds (40.7%). It is very possible you use only herbicides on your cassava farm but it has to start from land preparation. Figures 1 and 2 shows the study area map in Ekiti and Ondo States. Despite our consumption rate, it’s sad that only a few percents of the rice we consume is produced in Nigeria. Like other countries in Africa, Nigeria’s economy is dominated by agriculture, which accounts for about 40% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and two-thirds of its labor force. A good number of farmers that have access to extension services also belong to an association, for one reason or the other. It is very important to take advantage of the substantial processing capacity available in the country by boosting paddy rice production. These constraints may be overcome by rice seed treatment with herbicide. Open Access Journals gaining more Readers and Citations700 Journals and 15,000,000 Readers Each Journal is getting 25,000+ Readers, Received Date: May 22, 2018 / This is because most farmers depend on their own personal source of income to produce rice. The choices of Local Government Areas were based on information collected from the Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) office in each state. Nigeria is blessed with natural and human resources required to produce rice to meet its local consumption. In a survey conducted in the 4 major rice ecological zones of Nigeria the predominant weeds of the flora growing in association with both direct-seeded and transplanted rice were determined. 2 F-Frequency, %-Percentage. Rice production in Nigeria Rice is an increasingly important crop in Nigeria. Select your language of interest to view the total content in your interested language, Make the best use of Scientific Research and information from our 700 + peer reviewed, Open Access Journals. Nevertheless, women are found to be actively involved in lowland rice production in the study areas. The ecological distribution of these classes of weeds attributed to different rice ecology influences the type of improved weed control technology to be adopted by rice farmers. Also, Slasher®a paraquat formulation is most used by farmers for weed control in lowland rice. Use is highest among large-scale private and public farmers and farmers who The predominant weed species and their relative importance varied with the varying rice ecologies. As the size of farmland increases the cost of labour and time spent on weed control may increase. Willowood Propanil 4SC is not a hormone-type herbicide, but kills susceptible weeds by direct contact action. 2. You might be surprised, but there are lots of common weeds in Nigeria. Table 2: Demographic and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Lowland Rice Farmers in Southwest. Two field experiments on chemical weed control in Faro 41 upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) variety were conducted at a rainforest site near the National Cereals Research Institute, Amakama Substation in 1989 and 1990. Nigeria, is the most populous country in Africa, with a population of over 190,270, 638,(2016). ), siam weed (Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M.), elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) In a survey conducted in the four major rice ecological zones in Nigeria the predominant weeds of the flora growing in association with both direct‐seeded and transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L.) were determined. Most lowland rice farmers in southwest depends majorly on chemical method of weed control. SOURCE: Field Survey 2013. The longer the number of years of farming experienced by farmers, the more likely they become more aware of effective weed control measures [15]. 20 common weeds in local areas. Table 4: Prevalent Weed Species in Lowland Rice Ecologies in Southwest Nigeria. We specialize in auctioning shipped in direct Tokunbo vehicles; Cars,Jeeps, truck, bikes. Despite the availability of these herbicides for weed control in the country, few of these herbicides namely: 2,4-D amine salt, propanil+2,4-D amine salt and pretilachlor+pyribenzoxim formulations are accessible to lowland rice farmers in the Southwest agro-ecological zone. On the other hand, younger farmers are much more receptive to new ideas than older farmers; they may have much wider contact outside farming, alternative employment opportunities and are much more willing to take risk in adopting new practices [14,15].
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